Impacto del abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva sobre la salud de los lactantes / Impact of exclusive breastfeeding withdrawal on the health of babies

Introducción: El abandono de la lactancia materna es uno de los problemas que enfrenta el Sistema Nacional de Salud en Cuba por las consecuencias desfavorables que representa para la salud de los lactantes. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre el abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva y las afectaciones en la salud de los lactantes. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal, en 105 lactantes del Policlínico Aleida Fernández Chardiet nacidos en 2019, cuyas madres dejaron de utilizar la lactancia materna exclusiva antes del sexto mes. Las variables utilizadas fueron edad materna, tiempo de duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva, las enfermedades más frecuentes diagnosticadas en el niño y la necesidad de ingresos hospitalarios. Se aplicó la prueba no paramétrica de independencia Chi Cuadrado para demostrar la relación entre variables. Resultados: Predominó el abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva antes de los 3 meses y no se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre esta y las afecciones más frecuentes de los lactantes (las IRA en 40 por ciento y las EDA en 23,8 por ciento). El 55,2 por ciento necesitó ingreso hospitalario antes del sexto mes y la relación con el abandono precoz de la lactancia materna exclusiva fue estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: El abandono precoz de la lactancia materna exclusiva afecta la salud de los lactantes y aunque las afecciones no tuvieron una relación estadísticamente significativa con aquella sí tienen una elevada frecuencia en estos niños de tan corta edad(AU)

Introduction: Breastfeeding withdrawal is one of the challenges faced by the Cuban National Health System due to its adverse consequences on the health of babies. Objective: To identify the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding withdrawal and health disorders in babies. Material and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out on 105 breastfed babies from "Aleida Fernández Chardiet" Policlinic who were born in 2019 and were precociously weaned from exclusive breastfeeding before the sixth month. The variables used were: maternal age, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, most frequent diseases diagnosed in the child, and need for hospital admission. The chi-squared non-parametric independence test was used to show the relationship among variables. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding withdrawal before the third month was predominant (71, 4 percent); the most frequent diseases diagnosed were respiratory diseases and diarrheas (40 percent and 23,8 percent, respectively); about half the babies required hospital admission (55,2 percent) before the sixth month; the relationship with early withdrawal of breastfeeding was statistically significant. Conclusions: Early withdrawal of breastfeeding has negative effects on the health of babies. Although the illnesses did not have a statistically significant relationship with it, a high frequency of their incidence was found in such young babies(AU)

Factores que influyeron en el abandono precoz de la lactancia materna en lactantes de un Grupo Básico de Trabajo / Factors influencing in the precocious breastfeeding discontinuation in nursing infants of a Basic Group of Work

Introducción: son múltiples y variados los beneficios que ofrece la lactancia materna, entre ellos, la disminución de la mortalidad y la morbilidad infantil. Si embargo, sigue siendo un grave problema el abandono precoz de la lactancia materna en los lactantes, antes del tiempo recomendado. Objetivo: identificar los factores que influyeron en el abandono precoz de la lactancia materna en lactantes. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, en un universo conformado por los 120 lactantes que no recibieron lactancia materna exclusiva hasta el sexto mes, pertenecientes al Grupo Básico de Trabajo 1, del Policlínico "José Martí Pérez", en Santiago de Cuba. El periodo comprendido fue desde enero a diciembre del 2014. Para la recolección de los datos se revisaron las historias clínicas de los lactantes y se elaboraron encuestas. Se procedió a la tabulación de los resultados los cuales quedaron recogidos en cuadros estadísticos. Resultados: predominaron e las madres multíparas en edades comprendidas entre 20 y 34 años de edad, para un 62,5 %. Un 27,5 % eran amas de casa, y un 25,8 % técnicos. El 65 % de las madres que participaron en el estudio tenían conocimientos sobre la lactancia materna, pero no recibieron suficiente apoyo de sus familiares. La mayoría de estos niños enfermaron, de ellos un 96,6 % padecieron enfermedades respiratorias agudas. La principal causa del abandono precoz fue la hipogalactia, con un 49,1 %. Conclusiones: se identificaron los factores que influyeron en el abandono precoz de la lactancia materna en lactantes (AU).

Introduction: there are several benefits offered by maternal breastfeeding, among them, the decrease of mortality and morbidity. Nevertheless, the precocious breastfeeding discontinuation - before the recommended time- is still a serious problem. Objective: to identify the factors influencing precocious breastfeeding discontinuation in nursing infants. Materials and Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in a universe formed by 120 nursing infants who were not under exclusive maternal breastfeeding up to the their sixth month. They belonged to the Basic Group of Work 1, of the Polyclinic "José Martí Pérez", in Santiago de Cuba. The studied period was the one from January to December 2014. The clinical records of the nursing infants and surveys were used for data collection. The results were tabulated and gathered in statistical tables. Results: multiparous women aged 20-40 years predominated for a 62 %. 27.5 % of them were housewives, and 25.8 % were technicians. 65 % of the women who participated in the study had knowledge on the importance of maternal breastfeeding, but they did not have enough support from the part of their relatives. Most of the children got sick, and 96.6 % suffered acute respiratory diseases. The main cause of the precocious breastfeeding discontinuation was hypogalactia, with 49.1 % Conclusions: the factors influencing in the precocious maternal breastfeeding discontinuation were identified (AU).

Factores que influyeron en el abandono precoz de la lactancia materna en lactantes de un Grupo Básico de Trabajo / Factors influencing in the precocious breastfeeding discontinuation in nursing infants of a Basic Group of Work

Introducción: son múltiples y variados los beneficios que ofrece la lactancia materna, entre ellos, la disminución de la mortalidad y la morbilidad infantil. Si embargo, sigue siendo un grave problema el abandono precoz de la lactancia materna en los lactantes, antes del tiempo recomendado. Objetivo: identificar los factores que influyeron en el abandono precoz de la lactancia materna en lactantes. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, en un universo conformado por los 120 lactantes que no recibieron lactancia materna exclusiva hasta el sexto mes, pertenecientes al Grupo Básico de Trabajo 1, del Policlínico "José Martí Pérez", en Santiago de Cuba. El periodo comprendido fue desde enero a diciembre del 2014. Para la recolección de los datos se revisaron las historias clínicas de los lactantes y se elaboraron encuestas. Se procedió a la tabulación de los resultados los cuales quedaron recogidos en cuadros estadísticos. Resultados: predominaron e las madres multíparas en edades comprendidas entre 20 y 34 años de edad, para un 62,5 %. Un 27,5 % eran amas de casa, y un 25,8 % técnicos. El 65 % de las madres que participaron en el estudio tenían conocimientos sobre la lactancia materna, pero no recibieron suficiente apoyo de sus familiares. La mayoría de estos niños enfermaron, de ellos un 96,6 % padecieron enfermedades respiratorias agudas. La principal causa del abandono precoz fue la hipogalactia, con un 49,1 %. Conclusiones: se identificaron los factores que influyeron en el abandono precoz de la lactancia materna en lactantes (AU).

Introduction: there are several benefits offered by maternal breastfeeding, among them, the decrease of mortality and morbidity. Nevertheless, the precocious breastfeeding discontinuation - before the recommended time- is still a serious problem. Objective: to identify the factors influencing precocious breastfeeding discontinuation in nursing infants. Materials and Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in a universe formed by 120 nursing infants who were not under exclusive maternal breastfeeding up to the their sixth month. They belonged to the Basic Group of Work 1, of the Polyclinic "José Martí Pérez", in Santiago de Cuba. The studied period was the one from January to December 2014. The clinical records of the nursing infants and surveys were used for data collection. The results were tabulated and gathered in statistical tables. Results: multiparous women aged 20-40 years predominated for a 62 %. 27.5 % of them were housewives, and 25.8 % were technicians. 65 % of the women who participated in the study had knowledge on the importance of maternal breastfeeding, but they did not have enough support from the part of their relatives. Most of the children got sick, and 96.6 % suffered acute respiratory diseases. The main cause of the precocious breastfeeding discontinuation was hypogalactia, with 49.1 % Conclusions: the factors influencing in the precocious maternal breastfeeding discontinuation were identified (AU).

[Prevalence of factors associated with the duration of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life in the INMA birth cohort in Gipuzkoa]. / Prevalencia y factores asociados con la duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva durante los 6 primeros meses en la cohorte INMA de Guipúzcoa.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EB) during the first 6 months of life in the Gipuzkoa birth cohort, identify the reasons for abandonment of EB, and establish the associated factors. METHODS: The study population consisted of 638 pregnant women from the INMA-Gipuzkoa (Infancia y Medio Ambiente, www.proyectoinma.org) birth cohort, who were followed up from the third trimester of pregnancy until the child was aged 14 months. To determine the factors related to abandonment of EB, logistic regression models were used in two different stages (4 months or early stage and 6 months or late stage). RESULTS: The prevalence of EB within the Gipuzkoa cohort was 84.8% after hospital discharge, 53.7% at 4 months of life and 15.4% at 6 months of life. The reasons given by the mothers for early EB cessation were: breastfeeding problems, low weight gain and hypogalactia. Other factors influencing the early phase were the intention to provide EB, parity, area of residence and social class. Abandonment in the late stage was influenced by the length of maternity leave. CONCLUSIONS: From a public health perspective, the results of this study could help health professionals to develop strategies to support breastfeeding mothers, taking into account the main reasons for early and late abandonment.

[Factors associated with early weaning in a Spanish region]. / Factores asociados al abandono precoz de la lactancia materna en una región del este de España.

INTRODUCTION: Breastfeeding has undoubtedly great benefits. Previous studies have foundan early dropout. Only a few studies have investigated related factors. Our aim was to find out on-going breastfeeding rates along the first 12 months after birth and analyse factors associated with early weaning. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a prospective study including consecutive pairs (mother and newborn) till completion of the required sample. Variables were collected performing a structured program of surveys to the mothers. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of the data was performed. RESULTS: A total of 452 pairs were recruited. It was found that 81% of them started breastfeeding, with a prevalence of breastfeeding of 39% and 21% at 3 and 6 months after birth, respectively. Factors associated with early discontinuation of breastfeeding were: pregnancy induced by assisted reproduction methods (OR=5.58; 95% CI: 2.62-11.91), maternal smoking (OR=1.56; 95% CI: 1.10-2.22), poor maternal expectations about the duration of breastfeeding (OR=2.19; 95% CI: 1.49-3.23), use of nipple shields for breastfeeding (OR=2.57; 95% CI: 1.69-3.90), pacifier use on a regular basis during the first month after delivery (OR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.02-1.91), maternal university educational level (OR=0,59; 95% CI: 0,40-0,88), attending birth preparation programs during pregnancy (OR=0,68; 95% CI: 0,49-0,94), and believing having enough milk output at the time of discharge (OR=0,66; 95% CI: 0,47-0,92). CONCLUSIONS: International recommendations about duration of breastfeeding are not achieved in our country because of high rates of early weaning. We describe the known factors involved and other novel factors. The implementation of interventions to increase breastfeeding rates and to prevent early weaning are strongly recommended.

¿Cómo influyen diferentes factores psicosociales en el abandono precoz de la Lactancia Materna? / How different psychosocial factors affect the early abandonment of Maternal Lactancy

Se realizó un estudio analítico, de corte transversal, en las madres de lactantes que arribaron a los seis meses de edad en seis consultorios del área rural del Policlínico Universitario Santiago Rafael Echezarreta Mulkay de San José de las Lajas, Provincia de La Habana; entre el 1ro de octubre del 2005 y el 31 de mayo del 2006, con el objetivo de evaluar algunos factores psicosociales que influyeron en el abandono precoz de la lactancia materna. Se estudiaron edad de las madres, nivel de escolaridad de ambos padres, ocupación de las mismas, apoyo familiar, estado civil, motivos y mitos que influyeron en el abandono, así como la influencia de los conocimientos adquiridos previamente sobre lactancia materna. A los resultados se le aplicó como medida de asociación, la razón de incidencia o riesgo relativo. El 40,9 por ciento de las madres abandonaron la lactancia materna antes de los seis meses de edad; siendo más frecuente en aquellas de 30 a 34 años y en menores de 20. La paridad, el grado apoyo familiar, y el recibir información, no influyeron en el abandono. Hubo un mayor porcentaje de abandono en el grupo de estudiantes y amas de casas, en aquellas que tenían nivel de secundaria básica y divorciadas. Todas recibieron información sobre lactancia materna, pero consideran que no fue suficiente. Los mitos, no tener leche en las mamas, que el niño no se llenaba, o que lloraba por hambre, fueron predominantes(AU)

It was performed an analytical, transversal study in mothers of infants who arrived to six months of age in six Family Doctor's Offices in the rural area of Santiago Rafael Echezarreta Mulkay University Polyclinic in San José de las Lajas, Havana Province; between October 1st, 2005 and May 31st, 2006 with the objective of assessing some psychosocial factors that influenced the early abandonment of maternal lactancy. It was studied maternal age, educational level of both parents, occupation, family support, marital status, motives and myths that influenced the abandonment, and the influence of previously acquired knowledge about maternal lactancy. The ratio of incidence or relative risk RR was applied as a measure of association to the results. Six out of ten mothers continued exclusive maternal lactancy until the sixth month. The factors most related to abandonment of the same one were mothers between 30 to 34 years and under 20 years, the group of students and housewives, those who had basic secondary level and divorced. Although all received information on maternal lactancy, do not feel that it was sufficient. Myths, not having breast milk that the child did not fill, or crying from hunger, were predominant. It is imperative to refine strategies to achieve higher figures of maternal lactancy(AU)